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Komentarz do Bawa meci’a 9:11

שְׂכִיר יוֹם גּוֹבֶה כָל הַלַּיְלָה, שְׂכִיר לַיְלָה גּוֹבֶה כָל הַיּוֹם, שְׂכִיר שָׁעוֹת גּוֹבֶה כָל הַלַּיְלָה וְכָל הַיּוֹם. שְׂכִיר שַׁבָּת, שְׂכִיר חֹדֶשׁ, שְׂכִיר שָׁנָה, שְׂכִיר שָׁבוּעַ, יָצָא בַיּוֹם, גּוֹבֶה כָל הַיּוֹם, יָצָא בַלַּיְלָה, גּוֹבֶה כָל הַלַּיְלָה וְכָל הַיּוֹם:

Wynajęty robotnik dzienny żąda zapłaty przez całą noc. Najemny robotnik nocny żąda całego dnia. [(„Najemnik żąda całej nocy” :) po tym dniu napisano (Księga Kapłańska 19:13): „Zapłata najemnika nie zostanie z wami aż do rana”. Nie można tu mówić o wynajętym robotniku nocnym, gdyż najem płaci się dopiero na koniec (okresu pracy), jak jest napisane (tamże 25:53): „Jak najemnik rok po roku”, co jest wyjaśniono: Czynsz za ten rok jest wypłacany (tylko) na początku następnego roku, skąd wywodzimy, że on (pracodawca) nie jest zadłużony robotnikowi dziennemu do zachodu słońca. I (Księga Powtórzonego Prawa 24:15): „Słońce nie zajdzie nad nim” musi, siłą rzeczy, dotyczyć wynajętego nocnego robotnika, a pracodawca jest mu dłużnikiem dopiero rano.] Najemny robotnik godzinowy domaga się całego dnia i całą noc. [To jest zamierzone: Najemny robotnik godzinowy żąda całego dnia; najemny robotnik nocny żąda całej nocy]. Najemny robotnik tygodniowy, najemny robotnik miesięczny, najemny robotnik roczny, najemny robotnik szabatowy—jeśli jego zatrudnienie zakończyło się w ciągu dnia [tj. rano lub w ciągu dnia], żąda całego dnia [a gdy słońce zachodzi, pracodawca narusza: „Nie będzie przebywać itd.”]. Jeśli jego wypożyczenie zakończyło się w nocy, domaga się całej nocy i całego dnia. [Ponieważ jego praca trwała w ciemności, jest on jak najemny robotnik nocny, a on (pracodawca) nie popełnia przestępstwa rano, aż do następnego dnia o zachodzie słońca].

Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia

שכיר יום גובה כל הלילה – that is after it, as it states (Leviticus 19:13): “The wages of a laborer shall not remain with you until morning,” and it is impossible to state that we are speaking of a night hire, for firing is not completed other than at its end, as it is written (Leviticus 25:53): “He shall be under his authority as a laborer hired by the year,” and we expound from it (Bava Metzia 65a): the hiring of one year is completed at the beginning of the next year. We therefore see that he does not become a day hire until the settling of the sun. And when it is written (Deuteronomy 24:15): “[You must pay him his wages on the same day,] before the sun sets, [for he is needy and urgently depends upon it….],” it is established as speaking about a night hire, for when he is used as when he is hired to him in the morning when his hire is completed. And similarly [the Biblical verse]: “The wages of a laborer shall not remain with you until morning,” also is not established as speaking of a night laborer, for he does not labor for him until the morning.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia

One that is hired during the day collects his wages all during [the ensuing] night. One that is hired during the night collects his wages all during [the ensuing] day.
One that is hired by the hour collects his wages all during [the ensuing] day or [the ensuing] night.
If one was hired by the week, or by the month, or by the year, or by the week of years, if his time of hire expired during the day, he collects his wages all during [the ensuing] day. If his time of hire expired during the night, he collects his wages all during [the ensuing] day and night.

Deuteronomy 24:14-15 and Leviticus 19:13, both command that a worker’s wages must be paid on the same day, before the sun sets. These verses deal directly with one who works during the day, presumably on a daily wage. Mishnah eleven deals with workers who work at night, and with workers who work on hourly, weekly, monthly or yearly wages. Mishnah twelve deals with other laws concerning the commandment not to delay a worker’s wages and its applicability.
The general rule of our mishnah is that an employer may pay his employee within one time period of either day or night from the time of the completion of the work. He may not withhold the wages any longer. If the work was done during the day the employer may pay his employee at any time during the ensuing night. If he were to wait until the following morning he would be violating the commandment not to delay payment. If the work was done during the night he has until the end of the ensuing day to pay the employee.
If the employee was hired on an hourly basis the same rule still basically applies: the employer has one time period from the time of the completion of the work to pay the employee, whether that time period is the day or the night.
Similarly, if the employee is hired on a long term basis, for instance a week, a month, a year or even seven years, and it was agreed that the salary would be paid only upon completion of the work, the employer basically has one time period after the completion to pay his employee. The one exception is if the work is completed at night. According to section three of our mishnah, in such a case he has two time periods: the entire day and the entire night. This clause seems to differ with the rule in section two and indeed the Babylonian Talmud states that the two clauses contain two distinct opinions stemming from two different sources.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia

שכיר שעות גובה כל היום וכל הלילה – This is how it should be read: A hire for several hours during the day collects [his earnings] all the day; a hire for several hours during the night collects [his earnings] all night.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia

שכיר שבוע – Shemitah/of the Sabbatical year.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia

יצא ביום – that his hire concluded/finished in the morning or during the day, he collects [his earnings] all day long, and since the sun had set, he violates it [the commandment of “the wages of a laborer shall not remain with you until morning”].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia

יצא בלילה – his hire finished during the night.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia

גובה כל הלילה וכל היום – and since his labor extended from when it became dark, he is a night hire, and he does not violate it (i.e., the verse from the Torah in Leviticus 19:13: “the wages of a laborer shall not remain with you until morning”) in the morning until the morrow at sunset.
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